Can India Build Its Own Passenger Jets, Or Will Russia's SJ-100 Be The Answer?

India is now the world's third-largest aviation market. Passenger traffic is projected to grow significantly. This rapid expansion requires hundreds of new aircraft. Indian airlines have placed massive orders with global manufacturers. However, the nation also seeks to build its own commercial fleet. This goal aligns with the government's Atmanirbhar Bharat vision.

Domestic Manufacturing Challenges

India's domestic aircraft manufacturing efforts face long-standing hurdles. Projects often struggle with funding and slow progress. Experts cite a lack of large domestic demand until recently. Shortages of highly skilled manpower also hold back growth.

One key project is the NAL Saras MK2. This is a 19-seater light transport aircraft. The program was revived following a fatal accident in 2009. Its first test flight is now anticipated in early 2026. Series production is expected to begin in 2028-29. The aircraft is still awaiting civil certification.

Another project is the 90-seater Regional Transport Aircraft (RTA). Feasibility reports were first submitted in 2011. The RTA project has seen very little progress since then. It faces a major challenge from a lack of dedicated funding. However, a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) was announced in late 2024. This SPV aims to secure funding and accelerate development.

The SJ-100 Game-Changer Deal

To meet immediate demand, India is turning to international partners. In October 2025, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) signed a key Memorandum of Understanding (MoU). This deal is with Russia's Public Joint Stock Company United Aircraft Corporation (UAC). The agreement is for licensed production of the Russian SJ-100 aircraft. This twin-engine, narrow-body jet seats up to 100 passengers.

This marks India's first complete passenger aircraft manufacturing project in decades. HAL will manufacture the aircraft for Indian domestic customers. Experts call the SJ-100 a “game-changer” for the UDAN regional connectivity scheme. India requires over 200 such jets in the next decade for regional routes.

Geopolitical Trade-Offs and Sanctions

The deal comes with clear geopolitical trade-offs. UAC is a Russian firm currently under U.S. and European sanctions. This partnership reinforces the long-standing India-Russia strategic ties. It also allows Russia to demonstrate the viability of its sanctions-proof jet. The SJ-100 has been re-engineered to replace Western components. This reliance on domestically produced parts, like the PD-8 engine, makes the plane resilient.

Experts argue that Russia's role as a steadfast supporter remains key. Sanctions pose challenges, but both countries have factored this in. The deal provides a practical approach as India's own projects are delayed. It also offers a potential challenge to the dominance of Airbus and Boeing in the Indian market.

Broader Aviation Challenges

Aircraft supply is only one of India's aviation challenges. Rapid expansion also depends on a sufficient supply of trained crews. For example, IndiGo recently cancelled thousands of flights. This was due to poor planning of pilot rosters. India's civil aviation sector challenges include a workforce shortage. Developing domestic Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO) facilities is also critical.

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