Singapore Changi Airport's Driverless Baggage Tractors Signal a New Era for Ground Operations

Singapore Changi Airport has officially launched its first fully autonomous baggage tractors into live airside operations.

This deployment marks a significant step for aviation automation technology and airport ground handling. Two driverless tractors began transporting passenger bags on January 20, 2026. They cover a seven-kilometer route between Terminals 1 and 4. This route was chosen because the baggage systems are not connected between the terminals.

Driverless Fleet Expansion and Scope

The initial deployment is part of a larger driverless fleet expansion strategy. The Changi Airport Group (CAG) plans to add six more autonomous vehicles (AVs) in Terminal 2 later in 2026. The goal is to grow the fleet to 24 vehicles by the end of 2027.

These autonomous tractors will handle more than just baggage. They are designed for managing baggage cargo and other essential airside equipment. The vehicles can tow up to four containers, carrying a total weight of up to 25 tonnes.

Technology and Operational Efficiency

The tractors are the first used in live airport operations without a safety driver. This fully autonomous status was achieved after extensive trials. The trials began in November 2024 and included over 5,000 test trips.

Each tractor uses multiple sensors and cameras for navigation. This allows them to safely maneuver the complex airside environment. The technology helps to improve airport operational efficiency and reliability.

Industry Impact and Workforce Transformation

The move addresses challenges like Singapore’s aging workforce and labor-intensive ground tasks. Autonomous ground support equipment (GSE) helps reduce the manual strain on workers.

CAG’s strategy involves upskilling existing ground staff. Drivers are being trained to become remote operators. They monitor the AVs from a control center. This allows staff to focus on more complex, non-automated tasks.

This project was co-funded by the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS). It aligns with the national strategy for a smart air hub.

Global Trend in Autonomous GSE

Changi’s deployment reflects a global trend in future of airport logistics. The autonomous GSE market is growing rapidly worldwide. Industry reports indicate a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of over 13% through 2033.

Automation is driven by the need for greater safety and efficiency. GSE operations account for a significant portion of aircraft ground damage. Organizations like IATA recommend anti-collision systems. Autonomous vehicles inherently reduce the risk of human error in these areas.

By embracing this technology, Singapore Changi Airport is setting a benchmark. It demonstrates a commitment to innovation and future operational readiness. This is crucial as the airport plans for Terminal 5 operations by the mid-2030s.

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