New US-Bangladesh Trade Deal Mandates 14 Boeing Aircraft Purchase

The interim government of Bangladesh has signed a significant reciprocal trade deal with the United States. This agreement, finalized on February 9, 2026, includes a mandatory commitment for Bangladesh to purchase 14 Boeing aircraft. While the deal aims to strengthen bilateral ties, it has sparked intense debate regarding the country's economic sovereignty.

The Aviation Mandate

Under the terms of the agreement, Bangladesh is required to initiate the purchase of 14 aircraft from the American manufacturer. This move is part of a broader "purchasing obligation" that also includes $15 billion worth of liquefied natural gas (LNG) over the next 15 years. For the local aviation sector, this mandate dictates fleet planning regardless of the immediate needs of carriers like Biman Bangladesh Airlines.

Industry analysts note that such requirements are unusual in free trade agreements. Typically, airlines choose aircraft based on range, efficiency, and passenger demand. According to data from the IATA, fleet decisions are critical to an airline's long-term financial health. Critics argue that forcing these purchases may lead to increased reliance on foreign loans to cover the high costs.

Economic Risks and Tariffs

The deal carries heavy penalties for non-compliance. If Bangladesh fails to meet the purchasing targets or enters into conflicting trade deals with "non-market countries," the U.S. may reimpose a 37 percent tariff on Bangladeshi exports. This rate is nearly double the previous 19 percent tariff.

Such a hike would be devastating for the garment industry. This sector accounts for roughly one-fifth of the country's export revenue. Experts like Professor Selim Raihan of Sanem warn that the deal could force Bangladesh to buy expensive goods even when cheaper alternatives exist. This could put significant pressure on the nation's foreign exchange reserves.

Sovereignty and Energy Security

Beyond aviation, the deal restricts nuclear energy procurement. Bangladesh cannot buy nuclear reactors or fuel from countries that the U.S. deems a threat to its interests. While the existing Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant may continue its current operations with Russian support, future projects will face tighter scrutiny.

Asif Saleh, Executive Director of BRAC, described the agreement as an "imposed purchasing obligation." He noted that the deal ensures profits for American companies but may create risks for Bangladesh’s energy and economic security. The government has defended the deal, citing an "exit clause," though the specific details of that clause remain private due to non-disclosure provisions.

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